What is Gambling Disorder?
Gambling involves wagering something of value (money, property, or other assets) with an uncertain outcome that is determined by chance. It includes games of pure chance (such as roulette and craps) and those where skill can improve the odds, such as card games, horse racing, or sports betting. The amount of money wagered annually on legal gambling is estimated to be about $10 trillion.
Most people gamble without a problem, but for some it becomes an addiction. The behavior is called gambling disorder and it affects a person’s daily functioning, relationships, and career. People with gambling disorder are at high risk for developing other mental health problems, such as depression and bipolar disorder.
Research is needed to better understand what causes gambling disorders and how to prevent them. This work should consider not only how gambling affects the brain but also the social, economic, and cultural contexts that shape gambling behavior and its consequences for individuals and society.
There are many ways to support a loved one struggling with a gambling problem. The first step is to reach out for help. You can find help and resources by calling the National Council on Problem Gambling hotline at 1-800-522-4700, or searching online for “problem gambling support groups.”
Researchers have found that people with a history of gambling disorder are more likely to experience depression and anxiety and may have trouble maintaining employment. They also have a higher risk for substance use disorders. They are more likely to be secretive about their gambling and lie to others, and they often increase their bets in a bid to win back their losses. Some people may become addicted to the rush of winning, and they feel a need to gamble even when it is not financially feasible for them.
It is important to note that although gambling has been compared with drug abuse and addiction, the DSM nomenclature does not categorize pathological gambling as an addictive disorder. The prevailing view among many clinicians is that gambling and drug abuse are different and require different treatment approaches.
The development of gambling disorder can be influenced by a number of factors, including genetics, personal and family experiences, and environment. Vulnerability is increased by the presence of other risk factors, such as a history of alcohol or drug abuse, poor parenting skills, and financial difficulties. People with low incomes are especially susceptible to developing gambling disorders because they have more to lose than those with greater means. Young people, particularly boys and men, are also more likely to develop gambling disorders.
The good news is that it is possible to overcome a gambling addiction. People can seek out recovery programs such as Gam-Anon, a peer-support program modeled after Alcoholics Anonymous. In addition, they can practice healthier coping strategies to manage negative emotions, such as exercising, spending time with non-gambling friends, and learning relaxation techniques. They can also make changes to their financial situation, such as setting limits on how much they spend or by signing up for a debt management plan.